When two people or groups seemingly have irreconcilable differences, political polarization, complete communication breakdown, is there anything that can be done? One approach is to find the good and enough common ground to achieve some kind of peace, tending mostly to consist of avoidance. Increasingly a more common approach is the belief that ‘might makes right’, either to force conformity or to get rid of those who won’t ‘agree’.
The Bible offers a ‘third’ way. A ‘covenant’ offers the only workable solution to such polarization, allowing opposing sides to be able to cooperate. A covenant refers to a friendship pact between two people or groups. It allows people who are not related and living in proximity (in the Ancient Near East that means ‘enemies’), and those with irreconcilable differences, to have an ongoing, dependable relationship.
Making a covenant consisted of stipulated terms / agreements and the swearing of oaths, and swapping outward symbols to remind both parties of the promises and consequences of breaking the covenant. The ‘Hittite’ variety of covenants were invariably between conqueror and conquered, but nonetheless respectfully treated both parties as independent entities able to give consent.
In the Bible, covenant refers to God’s unbreakable love-loyalty (hesed) relationship with his chosen people. Even though God is distinct from us, not the same kind of thing as we His creatures, He is always very near. The Bible also records several instances of humans entering into covenant with one another. The story from Genesis 31 is known for its rich detail.
Jacob, Abraham’s grandson, worked twenty years for his uncle Laban hundreds of miles from home up on today’s Turkey-Syria border. During that time he managed Laban’s flocks, and gained Laban’s daughters as wives, several children, and enough castoffs to have his own huge flocks.
He chalked it up to God’s blessing, but his nephews were envious and spread rumors that Jacob was defrauding Laban. Fearing Laban’s wrath, he fled in the night with all he now owned. A week later Laban and his men caught up with him for a big family confrontation. Tempers were hot and accusations flew.
Jacob’s ‘side’: I was alone, deceived by my own Uncle, used, arbitrarily had my contract changed 10x, and was afraid my family would be seized and I killed (31:31, 36-42).
Laban’s side: everything belongs to me, my daughters and flocks are mine by right. Jacob wouldn’t have anything without my hospitality and generosity (31:26-30; 43). You repay me by stealing away in the night.
Two further facts affect resolution: (1) both recognized they were at somewhat of a disadvantage and the only apparent human solution was force (31:31; 43). (2) both admitted God warned them against harming the other (31:29; 42).
Their workable resolution was to make a covenant. They piled up stones “placed between” the two sides as a sign or symbol (31:52). They promised: “I will not pass by this sign to harm you nor will you me” (31:52). They called on the Lord’s help: “May the Lord watch between you and me when we are absent from one another. . . . even if no human sees, God is witness between you and me” (31:49-50); He will judge / discern between us (31:53). Then, they concluded / sealed the deal with a fellowship party together, and parted ways.
Today, we see fragments of covenant in many ‘democratic’ voluntary activities, such as marriage, neighborhood covenants, and other voluntary associations. We also have legal and political forms of covenant such as alliances, treaties and federalism. There is a substantial body of literature on the largely unknown modern day uses of covenant (see Daniel Elazer https://www.jcpa.org/dje/booksbydje.htm).
Will you try it in your work or other situation? Can we work together to try it in political situations? Let me know your experience.